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  • "Final 50 Feet"
    Developed by the Urban Freight Lab, the "final 50 feet" concept is the last link in the supply chain for urban deliveries, which includes searching for parking, moving items from the truck and navigating a route across traffic, sidewalks, bike lanes and building security to the recipient. UFL estimates that 25-50 percent of the transportation supply chain costs are driven by that last phase of the delivery.
Report
Published: 2025
Summary:
We have seen major changes in the last few years as cities and companies in the United States transition to more environmentally sustainable urban delivery. But progress still remains piecemeal and slow. In both policy and practice on city streets, Europe and parts of Asia are far ahead of the U.S. in advancing electrification, shifting away from traditional trucks to smaller forms like e-bikes, and managing city space to induce or support zero emission delivery (ZED).
Blog
Published: 2023
Journal/Book: Goods Movement 2030: An Urban Freight Blog
Summary:
It becomes easier to understand the barriers to scaling up cargo bikes for last-mile delivery when you hear Mark Chiusano, Owner/CEO of Cornucopia Logistics and affiliates, talk about the complexity of operations in New York City. Cornucopia works with Amazon (both companies are Urban Freight Lab members) to run a fleet of more than 100 cargo bikes making thousands of weekly deliveries for Amazon Fresh and Whole Foods locations in Manhattan.
Related Research Project:
Urban Freight in 2030
Article
Published: 2017
Journal/Book: Thinking Cities
Summary:
More than 80 percent of Americans have purchased goods online and, in 2016, more than 8 percent of all retail sales in the U.S. took place online. The growth of ecommerce is putting increasing pressure on local governments to rethink how they manage street curb parking and alley operations for trucks and other delivery vehicles. It is also forcing building developers and managers to plan for the influx of online goods. To develop practical solutions to these problems, in 2016...
Article
Published: 2016
Journal/Book: The Conversation
Summary:
Two converging trends — the rise of e-commerce and urban population growth — are creating big challenges for cities. Online shoppers are learning to expect the urban freight delivery system to bring them whatever they want, wherever they want it, within one to two hours. That’s especially true during the holidays, as shipping companies hustle to deliver gift orders on time.
Report
Published: 2018
Summary:
Urban Freight Lab’s foundational report is the first assessment in any American city of the privately-owned and operated elements of the Final 50 Feet of goods delivery supply chains (the end of the supply chain, where delivery drivers must locate both parking and end customers). These include curb parking spaces, private truck freight bays and loading docks, street design, traffic control, and delivery policies and operations within buildings.
Article
Published: 2022
Journal/Book: The Conversation
Summary:
How many Amazon packages get delivered each year? – Aya K., age 9, Illinois It’s incredibly convenient to buy something online, right from your computer or phone. Whether it’s a high-end telescope or a resupply of toothpaste, the goods appear right at your doorstep. This kind of shopping is called “e-commerce” and it’s becoming more popular each year. In the U.S., it has grown from a mere 7% of retail purchases in 2012 to 19.6% of retail and $791.7 billion...
Technical Report
Published: 2019
Journal/Book: Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans)
Summary:
This report presents a pilot test of a common carrier smart locker system — a promising strategy to reduce truck trip and failed first delivery attempts in urban buildings. The Urban Freight Lab tested this system in the 62-story Seattle Municipal Tower skyscraper in downtown Seattle.
Paper
Published: 2018
Authors: Haena KimDr. Anne Goodchild, Linda Ng Boyle
Journal/Book: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Summary:
Delivery options have become very diverse with online shoppers demanding faster delivery options (e.g, 2-day delivery, same day delivery options) and more personalized services. For this reason, transportation planners, retailers, and delivery companies are seeking ways to better understand how best to deliver goods and services in urban areas while minimizing disruption to traffic, parking, and building operations.
Paper
Published: 2018
Authors: Haena KimDr. Anne Goodchild, Linda Ng Boyle
Journal/Book: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
Summary:
Movement of goods within a central business district (CBD) can be very constraining with high levels of congestion and insufficient curb spaces. Pick-up and delivery activities encompass a significant portion of urban goods movement and inefficient operations can negatively impact the already highly congested areas and truck dwell times. Identifying and quantifying the delivery processes within the building is often difficult.
Report
Published: 2018
Summary:
Urban Freight Lab’s foundational report is the first assessment in any American city of the privately-owned and operated elements of the Final 50 Feet of goods delivery supply chains (the end of the supply chain, where delivery drivers must locate both parking and end customers). These include curb parking spaces, private truck freight bays and loading docks, street design, traffic control, and delivery policies and operations within buildings.
Presentation
Published: 2018
Journal/Book: California Transportation Commission (August 15, 2018)
Summary:
A 20% e-commerce compound annual growth rate (CAGR) would more than double goods deliveries in 5 years. If nothing changes, this could double delivery trips in cities; thereby doubling the demand for load/unload spaces. Innovation is needed to manage scarce curbs, alleys, and private loading bay space in the new world of on-demand transportation, 1-hour e-commerce deliveries, and coming autonomous vehicle technologies.
Presentation
Published: 2019
Journal/Book: U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit and the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials
Summary:
Written Testimony of Anne Goodchild Professor in Civil and Environmental Engineering Director of the Supply Chain Transportation and Logistics Center University of Washington Joint Hearing on: “Where’s My Stuff? Examining the Economic, Environmental, and Societal Impacts of Freight Transportation” before the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit and the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials.