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  • "ICE vehicle"
    An internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle is an automobile powered by conventional, oil-derived resources such as gasoline or diesel fuel.
Paper
Published: 2024
Journal/Book: Sustainability
Summary:
Commercial electric vehicles (EVs) have increasingly gained interest from urban freight companies in the past decade due to the introduction of economic and policy drivers. Although these factors promote urban freight electrification, some barriers hinder the transition to fully electric fleets, such as the significant monetary investment required to replace the current internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) and the lack of readily available electric freight vehicles.